This bibliography lists selected, recent English-language works on restrictions on genetically modified organisms. The first section contains discussions of aspects of the topic in general and in international law. The second section has materials discussing the issue in particular jurisdictions and is divided into sections on Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe.

General Works

Albert, Janice, ed. New Technologies and Food Labelling: The Controversy over Labelling of Foods Derived from Genetically Modified Crops in Innovations in Food Labelling. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010. http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i0576e/i0576e10.pdf

Andersen, Regine. Governing Agrobiodiversity: Plant Genetics and Developing Countries. 420 pp. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2008. K3876.A95 2008

Andrée, Peter. Genetically Modified Diplomacy: The Global Politics of Agricultural Biotechnology and the Environment. 324 pp. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2007. S494.5.B563A53 2007

Ashford, Nicholas A. & Ralph P. Hall. Biotechnology: Genetically Modified Organisms in Technology, Globalization, and Sustainable Development: Transforming the Industrial State § 11.2.6. Nicholas A. Ashford & Ralph P. Hall eds. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011. HC79.E5 A84 2011

Baram, Michael & Mathilde Bourrier. Governing Risk in GM Agriculture: An Introduction in Governing Risk in GM Agriculture 1–12. Michael Baram & Mathilde Bourrier eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. K3927.G68 2011

Bevilacqua, Dario. The International Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Uncertainty, Fragmentation, and Precaution. 16 Eur. Energy & Envtal L. Rev. 314–36. 2007. KJC6242.A13 E97

Bodiguel, Luc & Michael Cardwell. Genetically Modified Organisms and the Public: Participation, Preferences, and Protest in The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Approaches 11–36. Luc Bodiguel & Michael Cardwell eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. K3927.R44 2010

Casabono, Carlos M., Leire Escajedo San Epifanio & Aitziber Emaldi Cirión, eds. Global Food Security – Ethical and Legal Challenges: EurSafe 2010, Bilbao, Spain, 16–18 September 2010. 532 pp. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Pub., 2010. HD9000.6 .E97 2010

Charlier, Christophe & Egizio Valceschini. The Importance and Limits of Cost-Benefit Analysis in the Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms in The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Approaches 37–53. Luc Bodiguel & Michael Cardwell eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. K3927.R44 2010

Chen, Christophe Chao-Hung. Labeling Genetically Modified Food: Comparative Law Studies from Consumer’s Perspective. 1 Nat’l Taiwan U. L. Rev. 1–44. 2006. K14.A8644

Curtis, Kynada R., Jill J. McCloskey & Thomas I. Wahl. Consumer Acceptance of Genetically Modified Food Products in the Developing World. 7 AgBioF. 2004.http://www.AgBioF..org/v7n12/v7n12a13-mccluskey.htm

Clapp, Jennifer. Transnational Corporate Interests in International Biosafety Negotiations in The International Politics of Genetically Modified Food: Diplomacy, Trade and Law 34–47. Robert Falkner ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. TP48.65.F66I595 2007

Dawkins, Kristin & Josh DuBois. Toward a Liability and Compensation Regime Under the Biosafety Protocolin Genetically Engineered Crops: Interim Policies, Uncertain Legislation 289–302. Iain E.P. Taylor ed. New York: Haworth Food & Agricultural Products Press, 2007. SB106.B56G46 2007

Duall, E. A Liability and Redress Regime for Genetically Modified Organisms Under the Cartagena Protocol. 36 Geo. Wash. Int’l L. Rev. 173–201. 2004. K10.O87

Endicot, Martin. The Cartagena Protocol and the Regulation of Genetically Modified Food Aid in Legal Aspects of Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 502–13. Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Frederic Perron-Welch & Christine Frison eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. K3925.B56L45 2013

Esposti, Roberto & Alessandro Sorrentino. The Rationale Behind WTO Agreements and Agricultural GMO Controversy in The Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology 67–77. R.E. Evenson & V. Santaniello eds. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing, 2004. K3925.B56R44 2004

Falker, Robert. International Cooperation Against the Hegemon: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety in The International Politics of Genetically Modified Food: Diplomacy, Trade and Law 15–33. Robert Falkner ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. TP48.65.F66I595 2007

Falkner, Robert, ed. The International Politics of Genetically Modified Food: Diplomacy, Trade and Law. 265 pp. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. TP48.65.F66I595 2007

French, Duncan. The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms and International Law: A Call for Generality in The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Approaches 355–74. Luc Bodiguel & Michael Cardwell eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. K3927.R44 2010

Gillespie, Alexander. Conservation, Biodiversity and International Law. 600 pp. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Pub., 2011. K3585.G555 2011

Heumueller, Dirk & Tim Josling. Trade Restrictions on Genetically Engineered Foods: The Application of the TBT Agreement in The Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology 79–88. R.E. Evenson & V. Santaniello eds. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing, 2004. K3925.B56R44 2004

Isaac, Grant E. & William A. Kerr. The Biosafety Protocol and the WTO: Concert or Conflict?inThe International Politics of Genetically Modified Food: Diplomacy, Trade and Law 195–212. Robert Falkner ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. TP48.65.F66I595 2007

Katz, Philip, Penny Macdonald & Gordon Mackenzie. The Evolving GMO Food Trade Policy Debate: Towards a Global Regulatory Regime? in The Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology 25–34. R.E. Evenson & V. Santaniello eds. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing, 2004. K3925.B56R44 2004

Koch, Bernhard A., ed. Damage Caused by Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Survey of Redress Options for Harm to Persons, Property, or the Environment. 954 pp. New York: De Gruyter, 2010. K955.D355 2010

Ludlow, Karinne. Pure Economic Loss and Non-Adopters: Comparing Liability in Australia, Canada, and the United States. 15 AgBioF. 2012. http://www.AgBioF..org/v15n1/v15n1a02-ludlow.htm

Mackenzie, Ruth. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the Development of International Environmental Law in The International Politics of Genetically Modified Food: Diplomacy, Trade and Law 213–28. Robert Falkner ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. TP48.65.F66I595 2007

Marchant, Gary E., Guy A. Cardineau & Thomas P. Redick. Thwarting Consumer Choice: The Case Against Mandatory Labeling for Genetically Modified Foods. 96 pp. Washington, DC: AEI Press, 2010. TP374.5.M36 2010

Paarlberg, Robert L., Raymond F. Hopkins & Lisa Ladewski. Regulation of GM Crops: Shaping an International Regime in The Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology 1–24.

R.E. Evenson & V. Santaniello eds. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing, 2004. K3925.B56R44 2004

Pollack, Mark A. & Gregory C. Shaffer. When Cooperation Fails: The International Law and Politics of Genetically Modified Foods. 439 pp. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. K3927.P65 2009

Redick, Thomas P. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Precautionary Priority in Biotech Crop Approvals and Containment of Commodities Shipments. 28 Colo. J. Int’l Envtal. L. & Pol’y 51–111. 2007. K3.O3459

Strauss, D.M. Genetically Modified Organisms in Food: A Model of Labeling and Monitoring with Positive Implications for International Trade. 40 Int’l Law 95-119. 2006. K9.N853

Street, Paul. Constructing Risks: GMOs, Biosafety and Environmental Decision-Makingin The Regulatory Challenge of Biotechnology: Human Genetics, Food and Patents 95–117. Han Somsen ed. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2007. K3925.B56R444 2007

Van der Meulen, Bernd. Regulating GM Food: Three Levels, Three Issues in The Regulatory Challenge of Biotechnology: Human Genetics, Food and Patents 139–55. Han Somsen ed. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2007. K3925.B56R444 2007

Walters, Reece. Eco Crime and Genetically Modified Food. 165 pp. New York: Routledge, 2011. K3927.W35 2011

Winickoff, David, et. al. Adjudicating the GM Food Wars: Science, Risk, and Democracy in World Trade Law.30 Yale J. Int’l L. 81–123 (2005). K29.A445

Zepeda, Lydia. Genetically Engineered Food Labelling: Global Policy Polarization in The Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology 53–58. R.E. Evenson & V. Santaniello eds. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing, 2004. K3925.B56R44 2004

Zivian, Anna Milena, Alessandra Sensi, Carmen Bullón Caro, et. al. Legal Aspectsin 2 Biosafety Resource Book. 104 pp. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011. TP248.2.B37499 2011

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Works on Individual Jurisdictions

Africa

Birhanu, Fikremarkos Merso. Genetically Modified Organisms in Africa: Regulating a Threat or an Opportunity in The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Approaches 227–53. Luc Bodiguel & Michael Cardwell eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. K3927.R44 2010

Thomson, Jennifer A. Regulatory Regimes for GE Crops in Africa in Genetically Engineered Crops: Interim Policies, Uncertain Legislation 265–71. New York: Ian E.P. Taylor ed. Haworth Food & Agricultural Products Press, 2007. SB106.B56G46 2007

Welgemoed, Anton Christo. Genetically Modified Organisms: Tamed Kitten or Tiger by the Tail? 40 Comp. & Int’l L. J. S. Afr. 259–79. 2007. K3.O4

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The Americas

Abergel, Elisabeth. Trade, Science, and Canada’s Regulatory Framework for Determining the Environmental Safety of GE Crops in Genetically Engineered Crops: Interim Policies, Uncertain Legislation 173–206. Iain E.P. Taylor ed. New York: Haworth Food & Agricultural Products Press, 2007. SB106.B56G46 2007

Baram, Michael. Governance of GM Crop and Food Safety in the United States in Governing Risk in GM Agriculture 15–55. Michael Baram & Mathilde Bourrier eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. K3927.G68 2011

Farias, Paulo José Leite & Juliana Mezzomo Allain. Evolution of the Regulatory System for GM Crops in Brazil in Governing Risk in GM Agriculture 113–36. Michael Baram & Mathilde Bourrier eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. K3927.G68 2011

Gilli, Rosario Silva. Genetically Modified Organisms in Mercosur in The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Approaches 274–98. Luc Bodiguel & Michael Cardwell eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. K3927.R44 2010
(covers Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Brazil)

Glenn, Jane Matthews. The Coexistence of Genetically Modified and Non-Genetically Modified Agriculture in Canada: A Courtroom Drama in The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Approaches 254–73. Luc Bodiguel & Michael Cardwell eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. K3927.R44 2010

Grossman, Margaret Rosso. Genetically Modified Crops and Food in the United States: The Federal Regulatory Framework, State Measures, and Liability in Tort inThe Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Approaches 299–334. Luc Bodiguel & Michael Cardwell eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. K3927.R44 2010

Hochstetler, Kathryn. The Multilevel Governance of GM Food in Mercosur in The International Politics of Genetically Modified Food: Diplomacy, Trade and Law 157–73. Robert Falkner ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. TP248.65.F66I595 2007

Homer, Michael Bennett. Frankenfish . . . It’s What’s for Dinner: The FDA, Genetically Engineered Salmon, and the Flawed Regulation of Biotechnology. 45 Colum. J.L. & Soc. Probs 83–137. 2011. K3.O3485

Koutouki, Kostantia & Paula Honorato Marin. The Use of GMOs in Chile and the Protection of Indigenous Culture in Legal Aspects of Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 433–43. Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Frederic Perron-Welch & Christine Frison eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. K3925.B56L45 2013

Medaglia, Jorge Cabrera. The Costa Rican Legal Framework on Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms in Legal Aspects of Implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 388–401. Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Frederic Perron-Welch & Christine Frison eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. K3925.B56L45 2013

Merrigan, Kathleen. Principles Driving U.S. Governance of Agbiotech in Genetically Engineered Crops: Interim Policies, Uncertain Legislation 207–28. Iain E.P. Taylor ed. New York: Haworth Food & Agricultural Products Press, 2007. SB106.B56G46 2007

Nutti, Marília Regini, Maria José Amstalden Sampaio & Edson Watanabe in GEO Research and Agribusiness in Brazil: Impact of the Regulatory Framework. Genetically Engineered Crops: Interim Policies, Uncertain Legislation 273–88. Iain E.P. Taylor ed. New York: Haworth Food & Agricultural Products Press, 2007. SB106.B56G46 2007

Wozniak, Chris A. & Alan McHughen, eds. Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology: The United States and Canada. 393 pp. New York: Springer, 2012. KF1893.B56R44 2012

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Asia

Falkner, Robert. International Sources of Environmental Policy Change in China: The Case of Genetically Modified Food. 19 Pac. Rev. 473-94. 2006. DU29.P24

Gruère, Guillaume P. & S.R. Rao. A Review of International Labeling Policies of Genetically Modified Food to Evaluate India’s Proposed Rule. 10 AgBioF. 2007.http://www.AgBioF..org/v10n1/v10n1a06-gruere.htm

Raju, K.D. Genetically Modified Organisms: Emerging Law and Policy in India. 288 pp. New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute, 2007. QH442.6 .G468 2007

Wan Talaat, Wan Izatul Asma, Norhayati Mohd Tahir & Mohd Lokman Husain. Liability and Redress of Trans-Boundary Movements of Genetically Modified Organisms and the Biosafety Law in Malaysia. 4 J. Sustainable Dev. 2011. http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/10330/8238

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Europe

Balias, G. Seeds of Distrust: The Co-Existence of Genetically Modified and Conventional or Organic Crops in Greece. 14 Eur. Energy & Envtal L. Rev. 318–25. 2005. KJC6242.A13 E97

Bodiguel, Luc et al. Co-Existence of Genetically Modified, Conventional, and Organic Crops in the European Union: National Implementation in The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Approaches 163–97. Luc Bodiguel & Michael Cardwell eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. K3927.R44 2010 (covers France, Italy, Spain, UK)

Christoforou, Theofanis. Genetically Modified Organisms in European Union Lawin Implementing the Precautionary Principle: Approaches from the Nordic Countries, EU and USA 197–228. Nicolas de Sadeleer ed. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2007. KJC6242.I485 2006

Collavin, Elena. Participation in Italy: The Public and Genetically Modified Crops in Democratic Transgressions of Law: Governing Technology Through Public Participation 183–205. Alfons Bora & Heiko Hausendorf eds. Boston: Brill, 2010. K487.T4D46 2010

Fauchald, Ole Kristian. Genetically Modified Organisms and Precaution in Norwegian Law in Implementing the Precautionary Principle: Approaches from the Nordic Countries, EU and USA 229–47. Nicolas de Sadeleer ed. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2007. KJC6242.I485 2006

Federici, Valery. Genetically Modified Foodand Informed Consumer Choice: Comparing U.S. and E.U. Labeling Laws. 35 Brook. J. Int’l L. 515-61. 2010. K2.R64

Forsmann, Z. Community Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: A Difficult Relationship Between Law and Science. 10 Eur. L.J.: Review of European Law in Context 580–94. 2004. K5.U728

Friant-Perrot, Marine. The European Union Regulatory Regime for Genetically Modified Organisms and Its Integration into Community Food Law and Policy in The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Approaches 79–100. Luc Bodiguel & Michael Cardwell eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. K3927.R44 2010

Grossman, Margaret Rosso. Coexistence of Genetically Modified, Conventional, and Organic Crops in the European Union: The Community Framework in The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Approaches 123–62. Luc Bodiguel & Michael Cardwell eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. K3927.R44 2010

Iványi, Zauzsanna, András Kertész & Kornéliq Marinecz in Communicating Quasi-Citizenship? Public Participation in GMO-Release Permitting Procedures in Hungary – A Conversation Analytic Approach in Democratic Transgressions of Law: Governing Technology Through Public Participation 207–35. Alfons Bora & Heiko Hausendorf eds. Boston: Brill, 2010. K487.T4D46 2010

Kauppila, Jussi. Genetically Modified Organisms and Precaution in Finnish and Swedish Law in Implementing the Precautionary Principle: Approaches from the Nordic Countries, EU and USA 248–69. Nicolas de Sadeleer ed. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2007. KJC6242.I485 2006

Lee, Maria. Multi-Level Governance of Genetically Modified Organisms in the European Union: Ambiguity and Hierarchy in The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Approaches pp. 101–22. Luc Bodiguel & Michael Cardwell eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. K3927.R44 2010

Lee, Maria. EU Regulation of GMOs: Law and Decision Making for a New Technology. 274 pp. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2008. KJE6778.5.L44 2008

Levidow, Les & Susan Carr. GM Food on Trial: Testing European Democracy. 309 pp. New York: Routledge, 2010. TP248.65.F66 L48 2010

Noteborn, Hubert P.J.M. & Freija H. van Duijne. The Dutch Approach to Safety Governance of GM Agriculture in Governing Risk in GM Agriculture 85–111. Michael Baram & Mathilde Bourrier eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. K3927.G68 2011

Poli, Sara. Restrictions on the Cultivation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Issues of EU Law in The Regulatory Challenge of Biotechnology: Human Genetics, Food and Patents 156–73. Han Somsen, ed. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2007. K3925.B56R444 2007

Rodgers, Christopher. Implementing the Community Environmental Liability Directive: Genetically Modified Organisms and the Problem of Unknown Risk in The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Approaches 198–224. Luc Bodiguel & Michael Cardwell eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. K3927.R44 2010

Schauzu, Marianna. The European Union’s Regulatory Framework: Developments in Legislation, Safety Assessment, and Public Perception in Governing Risk in GM Agriculture 57–84. Michael Baram & Mathilde Bourrier eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. K3927.G68 2011

Spök, Armin. Biotechnology Policy in the European Union in Genetically Engineered Crops: Interim Policies, Uncertain Legislation 229–63. Iain E.P. Taylor ed. New York: Haworth Food & Agricultural Products Press, 2007. SB106.B56G46 2007

Steinz, Rudolf & Jan Kalbheim. The Legal Situation for Genetically Engineered Food in Europe in Genetically Engineered Food 133–53. Knut J. Heller ed. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2006. TP248.65.F66G457 2006

Weimer, M. Applying Precaution in EU Authorisation of Genetically Modified Products – Challenges and Suggestions for Reform. 16 Eur. L.J.: Review of European Law in Context 624–57. 2010. K5.U728

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Constance A. Johnson
Senior Foreign Law Analyst
March 2014

 

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Last Updated: 12/30/2020